western civ

Page 139- Questions 1, 2, 3, 5 1. direct democracy : a form of government in which citizens rule classical art : values of harmony, order, balance and proportion tragedy : serious drama about common theme such as love, hate, war, or betrayal comedy : contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor Peloponnesian war : Athens had stronger navy, Sparta had a stronger army philosophers : a thinker; a lover of wisdom Socrates : critic of sophists Plato : student of Socrates Aristotle : philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and human belief 2. Pericles' goal to strengthen the Athenian government is the one that I believe had the most impact on modern day society because we took ideas from how they ran their government and incorporated into how we run our government today. 3. Increased the amount of public officials who were paid salaries. 5. They didn't like that the Socrates believed the unexamined life is not worth living.

Today in class we took part 1 of the Ancient Greece Test. The test was kind of challenging, but I think I did pretty good on it. After we finished the test Mr. Shick let us work on homework and when everyone finished the test we got to go on our computers to complete the blog post. I felt very confident on where the oceans were located because I studied that a lot. I did not do very well on the pop quiz so I studied the questions that I struggled with the most. Here are some of the things that were on the test: - What civilization goes to what river - Greece is a mountainous peninsula - 2000 islands in Ionian and Aegean seas - Greece had many skilled sailors and shipbuilders - We need to know what a city-state is - 20% of Greece is arable - Arable: suitable for farming - Greek diet: consist of grains, grapes, olives, and fish - Mycenaeans: came first, ruled for 500 years - Dorians: ruled for 400 years - cultural diffusion: combine civilizations - Dorians moved into Mycenaea...

Today is class we reviewed for the test that is tomorrow. It is the part 1 test of Ancient Greece. We also took some additional notes to review. We went over the pop quiz questions and also went through the power point. We reviewed where the oceans are, the Aegean, Ionian, Adriatic, also we reviewed where all the islands and land masses are. The test will also be on the notes that we took from the book, not just the power point notes. Direct Democracy  - it's where the state (or in this case, the city-state) is ruled by its citizens - rule is based on citizenship - majority rule decides vote - in the agora, citizens argued, made speeches, then voted white stones (yes)/black stones (no) - it was first practiced in Athens under Cleisthenes by around 500 BCE

rewind to... clash of the tyrants - Hippias was a tyrant who ruled from 527 to 510 BCE - his brother was murdered, and his rule became harsh - eventually he was expelled from Athens - In revenge, he began working with the Persian King Daruis I, helping them invade Marathon next in line... - With Hippias gone, Isagoras and Cleisthenes engaged in a power struggle - Isagoras had support from fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta - Cleisthenes had support of the majority of Athenians ~Isagoras becomes archon eponymous ~He ostracizes Cleisthenes ~Cleisthenes' supporters- and the ordinary Athenian citizens- revolt against Isagoras tyranny ~They trap Isagoras on the acropolis for 2 days- on the 3rd day he fled and was banished THIS ALL HAPPENED IN 508 BC Cleisthenes - definitely a member of the elite         - very rich         - insulated from the "hoi polloi"         - but... a crafty politician     ...

Democracy and Greece's Golden Age Pericles' Plan for Athens - Pericles led Athens during much of its Golden Age. He had 3 goals;  1. to strengthen Athenian democracy  2. to hold and strengthen the empire  3. to glorify Athens direct democracy : a form of government in which citizens rule classical art : values of harmony, order, balance and proportion tragedy : serious drama about common theme such as love, hate, war, or betrayal comedy : contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor Peloponnesian war : Athens had stronger navy, Sparta had a stronger army philosophers : a thinker; a lover of wisdom socrates : critic of sophists Plato : student of Socrates Aristotle : philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and human belief Penicles led Athens through the Golden Age. He also increased the amount of public officials for a stronger democracy and after the defeat of the Persians, Athens helped organize the Delian League....

Warring City-States - Polis : fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding country side                                         - Politics (affairs of the cities), policy, political, etc. - Monarchy : rule by a single person (a King, in Greece) - Aristocracy : rule by a small group of nobles, very rich, landowning families - Oligarchy : wealthy groups, dissatisfied with aristocratic rule, who seized power (often with military help) - Tyrant : powerful individual who seized control by appealing to common people for support During the seventh and sixth centuries BCE aristocrats ran the show in most of Greece - Aristocrats : members of the ruling class                ~they attended symposiums, meeting where the elite men would enjoy wine and poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats, and the company of hetaeras (cour...

The Trojan War (fact or fiction?) - Greeks have fought in many wars over time - Trojan War; fought around 1200 BCE - Part of Greek Mythology until the 19th century most historians thought was fictional because gods and goddesses got involved - the goddesses Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera were given the "apple of discord" - Paris judged Aphrodite as "the fairest" meanwhile, "sea people" and Dorians - around 1200 BCE the mysterious "sea people" began to invade Mycenae, and burnt palace after palace - so, the Dorians moved into this war-torn region, dominating from 1150-750 BCE - Dorians were far less advanced - the trade-based economy collapsed - writing disappeared for 400 years ~Greek oral tradition-stories passed on by word of mouth ~Homer lived at the end of these "Greek Dark Ages" ~He composed stories (epics) of the Trojan War c. 750-700 BCE The lliad possibly one of the last conquests of the Mycenae's (the trojan w...

Some early peoples - first, Myceneans - Their influence began around 2000 BCE - Mycenae is located on a rocky ridge on Peloponnesus, protected by a 20-foot tick wall - Mycenean Kings dominated Greece from 1600 - 1100 BCE ~controlled trade in the region1400 BCE - Myceneans invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture (writing system, language, art, politics, literature, religion) We also went over the following: Ancient Greece is the Word an introduction to a great civilization The worlds great civilizations are all located on water (usually rivers) Great Civilizations/Key Rivers  - Mesopotamia/Tigris and Euphrates - Egypt/Nile River - India/Indus River - China/Huang He River The bodies of water that surround Greece are the Aegean , Ionian , Adriatic The large island in Greece is Crete Sparta and Athens are relatively close, so they could march to each other. Geography/Its Significance - Greece is a mountainous peninsulas mountains cover three-quarters of Greece...

Ancient Greece is the Word an introduction to a great civilization The worlds great civilizations are all located on water (usually rivers) Great Civilizations/Key Rivers  - Mesopotamia/Tigris and Euphrates - Egypt/Nile River - India/Indus River - China/Huang He River The bodies of water that surround Greece are the Aegean , Ionian , Adriatic The large island in Greece is Crete Sparta and Athens are relatively close, so they could march to each other. Geography/Its Significance - Greece is a mountainous peninsulas mountains cover three-quarters of Greece - Approximately 2000 islands on the Ionian and Aegean Seas - This combination shaped Greece's culture, they had many skilled sailors and shipbuilders, also many skilled sailors and ship builders, farmers, metalworkers, weavers, potters - They had poor/limited resources so they needed to trade. It was hard to unite because of the terrain - They developed city-states - 20% of Greece is arable (suitable for farmin...

Warring City-States Polis - a Greek city-state - the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C. Acropolis - a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city Monarchy - a government in which power is in the hands of a single person Aristocracy - a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class Tyrant - in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support Oligarchy - a government in which power is in the hands of a few people - especially one in which rule is based upon wealth Democracy - a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives Building a Democracy  The first step toward a Democracy came when a nobleman named Draco took power. In 621 B.C., Draco developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. Draco's code dealt very harshly with criminals, making death ...

Myceneans: people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. Trojan War: During the 1200s B.C. the Myceneans fought a 10 year war against Troy because a Greek army besieged and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince kidnapped the wife of a Greek King (Helen) Dorian: the people who moved into war-torn country-side Homer: the greatest story teller of all time, he was also blind Epics: narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds sometime between 750 and 700 B.C. Myths: false or traditional stories about their gods 3) Greeks rarely had to travel more then 85 miles to reach the coastline. The Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Black Sea were all important transportation routes. They could also trade with other societies. 4) The Mycenaeans sawe the value of seaborne trade and they also adapted the Minoan writing system to the Greek language. They also decorated vases with Minoan design. 5) Epics were very important because there was a lack of writing.

Classical Greece Geography Shapes Greek Life    The Sea : the sea shaped Greek civilization just as rivers shaped the ancient civilizations of Egypt, the Fertile Crescent, India, and China. In one sense, the Greeks did not live on a land but around sea. They rarely had to travel more than 85 miles to reach the coastline. The Aegean sea, the Ionian sea, and the neighboring Black sea were important transportation routes for the Greek people. As the Greeks became more skilled sailors, sea travel connected Greece to other societies. Sea travel and trade were important because Greece lacked Natural resources like timber, metals and usable farmland.    The Land : Rugged mountains covered 3/4 of Greece. The mountain chains ran mainly from northwest to southeast along the Balkan Peninsula. Mountains divided the land into a number of different regions, which caused Greeks to develop small independent communities within each little valley and it's surrounding mountains. In...

The Writing of the Words of God    - Earliest Egyptian writing formed c. 3100 B.C. and were small pictures known as hieroglyphics    - Egyptian script was usually written in ink on papyrus, which was made from mashed Nile reeds    - Papyrus, the precursor to paper, was stored in scrolls and these scrolls were the books of ancient Egypt Calendars and Sailboats    - Egyptian astronomers created a calendar with 12 months and 365 days to make better sense of seasonal cycles    - Due to their excellent knowledge of human anatomy, Egyptian doctors wrote extensively on health issues and created potions and cures for a number of common ailments    - Wooden sailboats were constructed to increase transportation ability on the Nile Pyramids and Temples    - The pyramids were massive stone tombs, originally covered in marble, but the marble was later stripped off during the Muslim conquest The Temple of Amon at Karnak...

Land of the Pharaohs The Nile and the "Two Lands"    - Upper Egypt was a 500 mile long strip of fertile land along the Nile    - Lower Egypt was the wide land of the Nile delta, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea    - The Nile was the major provider of life for the Egyptians and was much revered in lore and writing    - Around 3100 B.C. the two lands were united under a single king or "Pharaoh" (Narmer, AKA Menes) Government by a God-King    - Pharaoh was all powerful, worshipped as a god, and intimately connected to the other major Egyptian gods and goddesses    - Egyptians relied on a harmony and balance of the universe, which they called "Maat" (personified by the goddess Maat; ideological opposite of goddess Isfet)    - Pharaohs had multiple wives and all routes to financial and social success were through the palace    - Women could inherit money and land and divorce their husbands, though ...

I was not in class today because I have the flu.