western civ

Aftermath to the murder  Julius Caesar's grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavian takes over at the age of 18 with his own triumvirate                               - Mark Antony is an experienced general                               - Lepidus is a powerful politician   This is the second Triumvirate A doomed alliance  Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire  He and Mark Antony become rivals   Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt                       - Militarily                       - Personally                       - Politically                       - Economically  Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium Octavian on his own  He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome  He was given the honorific "Augustus"                        - "Exalted One"  He was also given the title "imperator"                         - supreme military commander  This is where we get the word "emperor"

I will be taking the Sup Western Civ test from 8:55- 9:45am on June 2nd. Poor Plebs How do you keep the plebs happy (or at least keep them from revolting) ?  the poet Juvenal said Rome "anxiously hopes for two things: bread and circuses" bread(free grain from the state) and entertainment (Circus Maximus, Colosseum), partly to keep them alive, and partly to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile a change in rule   Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians (even though he was ultimately unsuccessful)  Military generals worked that angle - lead an army conquers a land, then give then a share in the spoils  Soldiers' loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic nobody did that better than Caesar  Julius Caesar (100 - 44 BCE)  a highly successful general  he conquered the huge territory of Gaul he could play the game (of politics)   made common folks happy  made friends in high places  

My topic for the essay portion of the test I am going to do Analyze the factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic.

Economic Turmoil : As Rome grew that gap between rich and poor grew wider. Many of Rome's rich land owners lived on huge estates. Thousands of enslaved persons many of whom had been captured peoples in various wars were forced to work on these estates. By 100 B.C. enslaved persons formed perhaps 1/3 of Rome's population. Civil War : Conflicts between groups within the same country Julius Caesar : a military leader triumvirate : a group of three leaders Caesar's Reforms : Caesar governed as an absolute ruler, one who has total power. However, he started a number of reforms. He granted Roman citizenship to many people in the provinces. He expanded the senate, adding supporters from Italy and other regions. Caesar also helped the poor by creating jobs. He started colonies where people without land could own property, he increased pay for soldiers. Pax Romana : This was Rome's time of peace after the dark ages -The Romans held their vast empire together through ef

The Punic Wars (264 - 146 BCE) Rome vs. Carthage Three wars First Punic War (264 - 241 BCE) - naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily - Rome wins this one Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE) - 29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome - attacks Rome from the North after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps - lays siege to much of the peninsula for 15 years, but he never can get to Rome Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) - Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage - Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city - Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city’s walls and buildings were utterly destroyed - when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city were sold into slavery - the rest of Carthage’s territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa Other Information: - They both wanted power -

Today we went over power point slides 9-22, in slides 9-12 it talked about how bad it was to live under the rule of such a bad leader. These 4 slides talked all about how bad of a leader Tarquin was. He was an old school Tyrant. Tarquin did many crazy things, like blackmail a women and then it ended with her killing herself. Tarquin tried to cover it up, but the whole family ended up getting expelled from Rome. In slides 13-22 the Roman government is compared to how the US government is run today. It talks about the 3 branches of government, which are the similar to the 3 branches in the United States. The slides also describe how government officials were elected and what their role was. It also explains more about the Plebeians and Patricians.

Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome Who settled Rome? Etruscans  Came from north-central part of the peninsula  metalworkers, artists, architects two foundation myths:  Virgil's Aeneid; (where Aeneas escapes from Troy)  the story of Remus and Romulus Greeks Greeks  they had many colonies around the Mediterranean sea Romans borrowed ideas from them, such as                     - religious beliefs                     - alphabet                     - much of their art                     - military techniques But who first settled there? the Latins!  descendants of Indo-Europeans  settled on the banks of the Tiber  situated so trading ships-but not war fleets- could navigate as far as Rome, but no further  commercial port, but not susceptible to attack  and... built on seven hills (esp. Palatine) …they drained a swamp...  many streams flowed into the Tiber  there was a marshy area called the Forum, between Palatine and Capitoline Hills  Tarquin the P

When I started listening to Rome I noticed that the tune sounded familiar. It sounded like a song I know, but I am not quiet sure which song. I also thought it was funny and since it is a  catching song it helps us learn the facts. I like music, so learning facts by listening to a song helps me a lot. Overall, I thought the song was funny, but also helpful.

Before 451 in Rome there were no fixed laws. There were laws, but they were never written down. The laws went through the Patricians and the leaders would interpret them. But, this started to cause conflict between the Plebeians and the Patricians called the conflict of the orders. The Plebeians started a protest which made the Patricians have to do something to put a stop to it. This caused commoners to finally have a say in the law. The laws started out being carved into wooden tablets, but they were later carved into bronze. The laws were displayed in public for everyone to see. The 12 Tablets was an important jump in Rome's government. It also helped to heal the relationship between the Patricians and Plebeians and it showed that all people can have a say in the government.

Roman Forum- The Roman Forum started as a marketplace but it then became the economic, political, and religious center of all Rome. People believe that is was created due to an intentional landfill project that was never done.