western civ day 3

From Prehistory to Civilization
Hunter/Gathers, Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt

The Origins and "Ages" of Human Beings
- 200,000 years ago a human species emerged in equatorial (central) Africa
- 14,000 years ago, "worldwide" human race existed
- Earliest prehistoric age is the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
- Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) was marked by advanced tool making and beginnings of agriculture
- Initially, humans were parts of migratory groups which hunted, fished, and gather plants for food

The Agricultural Revolution
- Also know as the Neolithic Revolution, this was a shift from it inherent hunting and gathering to more permanent settlements centered on agriculture/beginning in Southern Asia
- Populations rose due to increased ability to produce a surplus of food; thus feed and caring for young children
- Hierarchies appeared in village life; the status of women was lowered as women were confined more to domestic duties
- Invention of wheel and plow made it possible to produce enough food for storage
- Villagers were polytheists, worshipping multiple nature, human, and animal gods

Modern Day Countries that were apart of the fertile crescent: Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey

 Mesopotamia: Home of the Earliest Cities
- The district known as Sumer occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- Population increased dramatically due to new irrigation techniques
- Cities and towns were founded, some with as many as 40,000 inhabitants
- Better food storage allowed for diversity in professions: priests, tradesmen, artisans, politicians, farmers
- Kings emerged-dynasties (family) concept know as a city-state

more on Mesopotamia
- a pantheon of Sumerian gods and goddesses emerged, with many of the deities representing the natural elements of the world
- the worlds first (surviving) epic was the Sumerian "Epic of Gilgamesh", which told of a great flood
- Sumerians first divided the hour into sixty minutes and the minute into sixty seconds ; they also organized a calendar based on moon cycles
- the ziggurat was a Sumerian temple built on top of a "mountain" of earth

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